Fig. 3.

Effect of P2X7R antagonists on human osteoclast formation. Osteoclasts were generated from human blood monocytes cultured on 6-mm coverslips in recombinant M-CSF and RANKL-supplemented medium. Antagonists were introduced throughout the culture by inclusion in the medium at each medium change at the concentrations shown on the x axis. Vehicle was complete α-MEM plus recombinant RANKL (30 ng/ml) and M-CSF (25 ng/ml) and 0.1% DMSO for KN62, AZ15d and AZ408. The number of osteoclasts was determined by counting all TRAP-positive cells with three or more nuclei. Data show means ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.0001 Graph representative of four repeat experiments, n = 7. a oATP, b KN62, c AZ15d, d A-438079 and e AZ408