Table 4. Effects of epiphysis size on hindlimb length and estimated speed at Fr = 1 (slow running) in representative non-theropod dinosaurs with a columnar limb posture.
| Taxon | Hindlimb length (m) | Speed at Slow Running (Froude = 1), ms−1 | |||||||
| No CCF | Alligator CCF (10.8%) | Struthio CCF (6.8%) | Coturnix CCF (1.8%) | V (no CCF) | V (Alligator CCF) | V (Struthio CCF) | V (Coturnix CCF) | Mean V | |
| Protoceratops * | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 2.52 | 2.65 | 2.60 | 2.54 | 2.58 |
| Triceratops * | 1.81 | 2.01 | 1.94 | 1.85 | 4.22 | 4.44 | 4.36 | 4.25 | 4.32 |
| Edmontosaurus * | 2.62 | 2.91 | 2.80 | 2.67 | 5.07 | 5.34 | 5.24 | 5.12 | 5.19 |
| Thecodontosaurus * | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 1.32 | 1.39 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.35 |
| Brachiosaurus * | 3.43 | 3.80 | 3.66 | 3.49 | 5.79 | 6.10 | 5.99 | 5.85 | 5.93 |
| Camarasaurus * | 2.34 | 2.59 | 2.50 | 2.38 | 4.79 | 5.04 | 4.95 | 4.83 | 4.90 |
| Diplodocus * | 2.75 | 3.05 | 2.94 | 2.80 | 5.19 | 5.46 | 5.36 | 5.24 | 5.12 |
CCF, correction factor,
*, feet not included in limb length estimate.
CCF = mean change in lengths of femur plus tibia (from Table 1). Alligator CCF = 10.8%; Adult Struthio CCF = 6.8%; Coturnix CCF = 1.8%). Slow-running velocity (V) calculated by equation: v = sqrt(1*9.8 ms−2*limb length[m]). Limb length data were taken from Marsh [29], Brown and Schlaikjer [121], Lull and Wright [122], Mazzetta et al. [88], and Royo-Torres et al. [89].