Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (N = 20)a of smokeless tobacco (ST) users enrolled in a pilot study of varenicline for ST reduction
| Characteristic | |
| Age, years | 42.8 ± 11.7 |
| Range | 24–65 |
| Male, n (%) | 20 (100) |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 17 (85) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |
| Married/living as married | 17 (85) |
| Never married | 1 (5) |
| Separated/divorced | 2 (10) |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | |
| <High school graduate | 1 (5) |
| High school graduate | 3 (15) |
| Some college | 5 (25) |
| College graduate | 11 (55) |
| Current type of smokeless tobacco used, n (%) | |
| Snuff | 18 (90) |
| Chewing tobacco | 1 (5) |
| Gutkha | 1 (5) |
| Average age started using smokeless tobacco, years | 23.0 ± 11.6 |
| Range | 6–56 |
| Smokeless tobacco used per week, cans/pouchesb | 3.9 ± 1.7 |
| Range | 2–7 |
| Years of regular smokeless tobacco use, years | 18.6 ± 8.6 |
| Range | 6–40 |
| Current use of other tobacco productsc, n (%) | 1 (5) |
| Other users of tobacco in household, n (%) | 4 (20) |
| Number of closest friends who use ST | |
| None | 8 (40) |
| 1 | 5 (25) |
| 2 | 6 (30) |
| 3 | 1 (5) |
| Number of serious stop attempts (≥24 hr), n (%) | |
| 0 | 4 (20) |
| 1–2 | 3 (15) |
| 3–4 | 7 (35) |
| 5+ | 6 (30) |
| Longest time off tobacco, n (%) | |
| <24 hr | 3 (16) |
| 1–7 days | 3 (16) |
| 2–8 weeks | 7 (37) |
| 9 weeks to 6 months | 1 (5) |
| >6 months | 5 (26) |
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence–Smokeless Tobacco | 5.9 ± 1.7 |
| Range | 2–8 |
| Confidence in being tobacco free in 1 year | |
| Not at all confident | 0 (0) |
| Not very confident | 0 (0) |
| Somewhat confident | 11 (55) |
| Very confident | 6 (30) |
| Completely confident | 3 (15) |
Note. aData are presented as mean ± SD, range, or n (%) as indicated.
b
Summary excludes one subject who used gutkha.
c
In addition to smokeless tobacco, one subject reported smoking cigarettes (2 cigarettes/day).