Table 3. Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA, genital HSV-2 DNA, genital ulcer disease over follow-up visits (using Summary and Repeated measures analyses).

	Aciclovir (N=146)	Placebo (N=142)	Measure of effect^* (95%CI)	p-value
Summary measures analysis (per woman)

HIV-1 RNA

Women with genital HIV-1 RNA detected at least once	101 (69%)	102 (72%)	RR = 0.96 (0.83 to 1.12)	0.62

Women with genital HIV-1 RNA detected at:
No visit	45 (31%)	40 (28%)
0% < visits < 50%	34 (23%)	24 (17%)	OR = 0.57 (0.36-0.89)	0.013
50% ≤ visits < 100%	34 (23%)	36 (25%)
All visits (100%)	33 (23%)	42 (30%)

Mean genital HIV-1 RNA (SD) among women with detectable HIV-1 RNA, log₁₀ copies/mL	2.92 (0.63)	3.04 (0.65)	−0.13 (−0.28 to 0.03)	0.12

Mean plasma HIV-1 RNA (SD), log₁₀ copies/mL	3.67 (1.00)	3.84 (0.97)	−0.27 (−0.41 to −0.13)	<0.001

HSV-2 DNA

Women with genital HSV-2 DNA detected at least once	48 (33%)	77 (54%)	RR = 0.61 (0.46 to 0.80)	<0.001

Women with genital HSV-2 DNA detected at:
No visit	98 (65%)	65 (46%)
0% < visits < 50%	34 (23%)	44 (31%)	OR = 0.40 (0.25 to 0.64)	<0.001
50% ≤ visits < 100%	13 (9%)	31 (22%)
All visits (100%)	1 (1%)	2 (1%)

Mean genital HSV-2 DNA (SD) among women with detectable HSV-2 DNA, log₁₀ copies/mL	3.38 (1.44)	3.81 (1.51)	−0.42 (−0.96 to 0.12)	0.13

Proportion of women with at least one GUD episode	11 (8%)	25 (18%)	RR = 0.43 (0.22 to 0.84)	0.01

Repeated measures analysis (per visit)

HIV-1 RNA	Visits = 525	Visits = 535

Proportion of visits with detectable genital HIV- 1 RNA	228 (43%)	265 (50%)	RR = 0.88 (0.72 to 1.06)	0.18

HSV-2 DNA	Visits = 527	Visits = 539

Proportion of visits with detectable genital HSV-2 DNA	60/527 (11%)	113/539 (21%)	RR = 0.54 (0.39 to 0.74)	<0.001

Risk ratios, odds ratios or mean differences. Mean differences adjusted for baseline values and OR adjusted for baseline frequency of shedding

CI, confidence interval; GUD, genital ulcer disease; OR, odds-ratio; RR, risk ratio; SD, standard deviation.