Table 4.

Empirically supported psychological therapies for the treatment of and the prevention of relapse or recurrence in the mood disorders: Categorizations are based on 1998 Chambless & Hollon criteria[7]

Mood disorder	Level of support	Therapy	Evidence
Major depressive disorder (MDD)	Efficacious and specific	Interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of MDD	Elkin et al (1989/1995)[41,42] Spinelli & Endicott (2003)[45] But see also: Reynolds et al (1999)[57] Luty/Joyce et al (2007)[46,47] Marshall et al (2008)[48]
		Cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of MDD	Jarrett et al (1999)[75] DeRubeis et al (2005)[76] But see also: Dimidjian et al (2006)[81] Elkin et al (1989/1995)[41,42]
		Problem-solving therapy for the treatment of MDD	Nezu (1986)[132] Arean et al (1993)[134] Mynors-Wallis et al (1995)[135]
		Behavioral activation/contingency management for the treatment of MDD	McLean & Hakstian (1979)[14] Hopko et al (2003)[147] Dimidjian et al. (2006)[81]
		Prior cognitive behavior therapy to prevent relapse in MDD (efficacious but not specific with respect to recurrence)	Hollon et al (2005)[97] Dobson et al (2008)[98] But see also: Shea et al (1992)[99]
	Efficacious	Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent relapse/recurrence in MDD	Teasdale et al (2000)[109] Ma & Teasdale (2004)[110] Kuyken et al (2008)[110]
	Possibly efficacious	Dynamic psychotherapy for the treatment of MDD	Cooper et al (2003)[21]
		Prior dynamic psychotherapy to prevent recurrence in MDD	Maina et al (2009)[28]
		Maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy to prevent recurrence in MDD	Frank et al (1990)[59] Reynolds et al (1999)[61] But see also: Reynolds et al (2006)[62]
		Continuation cognitive therapy to prevent relapse/recurrence in MDD	Jarrett et al (2001)[119]
		CBASP for the treatment of chronic MDD	Keller et al (2000)[116] But see also: Kocsis et al (2009)[120]
		Maintenance CBASP to prevent recurrence in chronic MDD	Klein et al (2004)[118]
		Emotion-focused therapy for the treatment of MDD	Goldman et al (2006)[151]
		Emotion-focused therapy to prevent relapse in MDD	Ellison et al (2009)[148]
Dysthymic disorder (DD)	Possibly efficacious	Interpersonal psychotherapy for the treatment of DD	Markowitz et al (2008)[158] But see also: Browne et al (2002)[160] Markowitz et al (2005)[161]
Bipolar disorder (BD)	Efficacious	Psycho-education as an adjunct to medication to prevent manic/hypomanic relapse/recurrence in BD	Perry et al (1999)[170] Colom et al. (2003)[171] Reinares et al (2008)[173]
		Cognitive behavior therapy as an adjunct to medication for the treatment of depression in BD	Ball et al (2006)[181] Scott et al (2001)[180] Lam (2003)[184] Zaretsky et al (2008)[182]
		Family-focused therapy as an adjunct to medication for the treatment of depression in BD	Miklowitz et al (2000/2003)[189,190] Miklowitz et al (2007)[177]
		Family-focused therapy as an adjunct to medication to prevent relapse/recurrence in BD	Miklowitz et al (2000/2003)[189,190] Rea et al (2003)[191]
	Possibly efficacious	Psycho-education as an adjunct to medication to prevent depressive recurrence in BD	Colom et al. (2003)[171]
		Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy as an adjunct to medication for the treatment of depression in BD	Miklowitz et al (2007)[177]
		Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy as an adjunct to medication to prevent relapse/recurrence in BD	Frank et al (2005)[175]
		Cognitive behavior therapy as an adjunct to medication to prevent relapse/recurrence in BD	Lam et al (2000)[183] Lam et al (2003/2005)[184,185] But see also: Scott et al (2006)[186]