Table 2.
 Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Overall population (n=16 958) | Non-CKD (n=15 748) | CKD (n=1210) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 52.5 (8.6) | 51.9 (8.3) | 59.4 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 8237 (48.6) | 7848 (49.8) | 389 (32.1) | <0.001 |
| Established risk factors | ||||
| Current cigarette smokers | 8013 (47.3) | 7570 (48.1) | 443 (36.6) | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes | 400 (2.4) | 351 (2.2) | 49 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 138 (22) (n=16 957) | 138 (21) (n=15 747) | 145 (25) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 87 (12) (n=16 956) | 86 (12) (n=15 746) | 88 (13) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 (3.9) (n=16 895) | 25.3 (3.8) (n=15 696) | 26.3 (4.4) (n=1199) | <0.001 |
| Blood based factors | ||||
| Mean (SD) total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.48 (1.16) (n=16 942) | 6.46 (1.15) (n=15 734) | 6.74 (1.28) (n=1208) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) log triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.02 (0.45) (n=16 447) | 0.01 (0.44) (n=15 263) | 0.16 (0.45) (n=1184) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.48 (0.74) (n=16 905) | 4.47 (0.70) (n=15 698) | 4.57 (1.08) (n=1207) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) log erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | 1.90 (0.94) (n=16 066) | 1.88 (0.93) (n=14 916) | 2.13 (0.97) (n=1150) | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Non-manual occupation | 5841/10 889 (53.6) | 5441/10 260 (53.0) | 400/629 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| Education beyond high school | 2558 (15.1) | 2394 (15.2) | 164 (13.6) | 0.123 |
| Renal markers | ||||
| Mean (SD) creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.95 (0.18) | 0.93 (0.15) | 1.17 (0.33) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) eGFR (MDRD equation) | 78.7 (14.4) | 80.2 (13.2) | 58.7 (14.8) | <0.001 |
| Positive urine protein | 241 (1.4) | 0 | 241 (19.9) | <0.001 |
eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD=modification of diet for renal disease.
16 369 participants had complete information on smoking status, history of diabetes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index.