Table 1.
Information concerning (a) the NE Family and (b) the control individuals
| (a) NE Family | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Diagnosis |
||||
| Code | Sex | Age at ERP experiment | Affection | Affection details |
| I-1* | Male | 69 | Affected | Self-classified, also dyslexia |
| I-2* | Female | 66 | Unaffected | Self-classified |
| I-3* | Male | 80 | Unaffected | Self-classified |
| I-4* | Female | Deceased | Unaffected | Self-classified |
| II-1 | Female | 43 | Unaffected | Bilingual Portuguese-German, native speaker of Portuguese |
| II-2 | Male | 38 | Affected | Dyslexia, auditory attention problems |
| II-3 | Male | 38 | Affected | Dyslexia |
| II-4 | Female | 39 | Unaffected | |
| III-1 | Male | 4 | Affected | Too young for clinical diagnosis of affection. Bilingual |
| III-2 | Male | 18 | Unaffected | |
| III-3 | Female | 15 | Affected | Late speech/language onset and development, but within normal range by age 6. Problems with reading and writing |
| III-4 | Female | 14 | Affected | Very delayed speech and language development—at age 4 had attained the level of a 2-year old. Attended a special day-care and school and received speech and language therapy. Currently well compensated. However, speech is still slowed down, and marked by some grammatical errors (prepositions and case marking in German) and has persisting difficulties in understanding text and instructions |
| III-5 | Male | 6 | Affected | Delayed onset of speech and language—very few words spoken by age 2:6. Received speech and language therapy at specialist day-care, now compensating well |
| III-6 | Male | 5 | Affected | Distinct speech and fine motor deficit. Speech shows primarily phonological deficits (syllable structure and articulation), normal comprehension |
| (b) Control Individuals | ||||
| Group | Number | Sex | Age; Mean (SD) | Controls |
| ERP experiment | ||||
| Group 1 | 9 | Male | 5.6 (0.5) | III-1, III-5, III-6 |
| Group 2 | 10 | Female | 14.5 (0.5) | III-3, III-4 |
| Group 3 | 5 | Male | 18.2 (0.5) | III-2 |
| Group 4 | 11 | 5 M, 6 F | M 38.0 (0.0) F 37.6 (1.4) | II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4 |
| NWR experiment | ||||
| Children | 27 | 16 M, 11 F | 7.3 (0.8) | All in generation III |
| Adults | 51 | 21 M, 30 F | 33.0 (0.7) | All in generation II |
Code: I to III indicates the three generations, roman numbers indicate different family members in one generation (see also Figure 1).
*
means that these members did not participate in the NWR testing and the ERP experiment. M indicates males and F indicates females.