Table 1.
Effects of gestational administration (GD 1–18) of PFNA to wild type and PPARαKO mice on maternal weight and reproductive outcomes.
| Strain | Dose (mg/kg/day) | No. of pregnanta | Maternal Weight Gain GD1–18b (g) | Maternal Weight GD18b (g) | No. of uterine implants | Total no. of Pups per litterc (live + dead) | No. of live pups per litterc | % Litter lossd | Pregnancy ratee (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WT | 0 | 14 | 10.8 ± 0.98 | 34.4 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 7.1 ± 0.56 | 6.8 ± 0.70 | 14.3 | 53.8 |
| 0.83 | 11 | 12.8 ± 0.81 | 35.0 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 0.6 | 6.8 ± 0.70 | 6.1 ± 0.82 | 9.1 | 47.8 | |
| 1.1 | 12 | 10.8 ± 0.57 | 33.6 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.50 | 3.7 ± 0.37* | 16.7 | 35.3 | |
| 1.5 | 14 | 12.6 ± 0.50 | 36.0 ± 0.5 | 8.4 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.54 | 4.7 ± 0.67 | 7.1 | 38.9 | |
| 2.0 | 17 | 13.2 ± 0.74 | 35.9 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.54 | 3.1 ± 0.73** | 35.3 | 47.2 | |
|
| |||||||||
| KO | 0 | 18 | 12.0 ± 0.49 | 35.9 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 0.36 | 7.0 ± 0.41 | 11.1 | 75.0 |
| 0.83 | 13 | 11.4 ± 0.73 | 34.6 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.58 | 7.0 ± 0.54 | 7.7 | 65.0† | |
| 1.1 | 14 | 11.5 ± 0.56 | 35.6 ± 0.6 | 9.2 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.49 | 7.8 ± 0.43 | 7.1 | 58.3† | |
| 1.5 | 9 | 12.1 ± 0.87 | 35.5 ± 1.3 | 9.8 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.80 | 8.4 ± 0.84 | 11.1 | 20.9† | |
| 2.0 | 16 | 11.0 ± 0.80 | 33.4 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 0.62 | 6.4 ± 0.66 | 12.5 | 43.2† | |
Values are means ± SEM.
KO: PPARα knockout; WT: wild type; GD: gestational day.
aPregnancy verified by presence of uterine implantation sites.
bExcludes adult females not pregnant or with full litter resorption.
cNumber of pups on day of birth at first observation.
dLitter loss: uterine implants present but no pups (full litter resorption) or only dead pups (whole litter loss) at birth.
ePregnancy rate: (# pregnant / # plug +)∗100.
*P<.05, **P< .001 by Bonferroni's test. † P < .001 by chi-square test for trend.