Phenotypes of the pgm1-4 and gwd1-2/3 mutants. A, Plants grown in 16 h of light and 8 h of dark (top) and 12 h of light and 12 h of dark (bottom). B and C, Root systems and nodules of 3-month-old plants grown in 16 h of light and 8 h of dark and inoculated with M. loti at 6 weeks. Nodules are shown either whole (top left), cut open (bottom left) or cut open and stained with iodine (right). The cortical zone and noninfected cells in wild-type (WT) nodules contain starch. Mutant nodules contain no starch. D to F, Iodine staining of root systems and of the interior of a nodule of a mutant plant (F; compare with the wild type shown in B). Plants were grown in 16 h of light and 8 h of dark and were 6 months old. G and H, Pollen grains from plants stained with iodine (G) and acetocarmine (H). The mutation increases the starch content of pollen but does not affect its viability. I, Three-month-old wild-type, heterozygous, and mutant segregants for gwd1-3 (left three plants) and gwd1-2 (right three plants).