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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulates pAKT after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Animals underwent TBI, were treated with VEGF or vehicle for 7 days administered through mini-osmotic pumps, and were killed within minutes of end of therapy on day 7. pAKT levels were measured with western blots on cortical tissue. (A) A sample of blots from vehicle- or VEGF-treated brains showing larger increments in pAKT in VEGF-treated mice. (B) Quantification of pAKT optical density.
