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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Perinatol. 2010 Apr 20;27(9):721–730. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1253555

Table 1.

Descriptive Characteristics of 11-Year-Old Adolescents Born Premature by Weight Status

Characteristic Obese (≥95%), n=75 Overweight (≥85 to <95%), n=52 Normal (>85%), n=185 P
Gestational age, n (%)
≤32 wk 27 (36.0) 13 (25.0) 75 (40.5) 0.12
32–36 wk 48 (64.0) 39 (75.0) 110 (59.5)
Birth weight (g), m (SD) 2096.7 (608.4) 2029.8 (646.6) 1921.3 (647.4) 0.11
Percentile birth weight adjusted for gestational age, mdn (min, max) 29.9 (5.0, 90.5) 24.7 (5.0, 94.3) 30.5 (5.0, 92.9) 0.53
12-mo growth velocity (g/mo), m (SD)* 655.4 (103.8) 610 (88.5) 600 (89.3) <0.001
SGA, n (%) 13 (17.3) 18 (34.6) 36 (19.5) 0.04
Any prenatal substance exposure, n (%) 58 (77.3) 42 (80.8) 141 (76.2)
Prenatal cocaine, n (%) 27 (36.0) 21 (40.4) 85 (45.9) 0.32
Prenatal tobacco, n (%) 35 (46.7) 28 (53.8) 107 (57.8) 0.26
Prenatal alcohol, n (%) 44 (58.7) 29 (55.8) 113 (61.1) 0.77
Prenatal marijuana, n (%) 16 (21.3) 9 (17.3) 48 (25.9) 0.38
Inadequate exercise, n (%) 49 (65.3) 36 (69.2) 96 (51.9) 0.03
>2 h TV watching, n (%) 37 (49.3) 26 (50.0) 97 (52.4) 0.88
Regular consumption fruits and vegetables, n (%) 22 (29.3) 14 (26.9) 69 (37.3) 0.25
Regular consumption grains and cereals, n (%) 36 (19.5) 15 (28.8) 18 (24.0) 0.32
Prepregnancy BMI, m (SD)§ 28 (7.4) 24.5 (4.2) 22 (4.5) <0.001
Female gender, n (%) 40 (53.3) 33 (63.5) 86 (46.5) 0.09
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
 Black 58 (77.3) 37 (71.2) 155 (83.8) 0.11
 Hispanic 2 (2.7) 4 (7.7) 3 (1.6)
 Other 15 (20.0) 11 (21.2) 27 (14.6)
Site, n (%)
 Detroit 39 (52.0) 29 (55.8) 93 (50.3) 0.61
 Memphis 19 (25.3) 10 (19.2) 51 (27.6)
 Miami 6 (8.0) 4 (7.7) 22 (11.9)
 Providence 11 (14.7) 9 (17.3) 19 (10.3)
Maternal pregestational diabetes, n (%) 4 (5.3) 1 (1.9) 4 (2.2) 0.35
Socioeconomic status, Hollingshead, m (SD) 31.4 (10.5) 29.2 (8.7) 29.4 (10.4) 0.32
*

Fisher's least significant difference in analysis of variance showed higher values for 12-mo growth velocity in the obese versus normal and overweight groups, both p<0.001.

Results for adjusted standardized residuals from chi-square analyses showed greater than expected small-for-gestational-age children in the overweight group.

Results for adjusted standardized residuals from chi-square analyses showed fewer than expected for low exercise in the normal group and greater than expected for low exercise in the overweight and obese group.

§

Fisher's least significant difference in analysis of variance showed higher maternal prepregnancy BMIs for obese versus normal and overweight groups, both p<0.001.

Note: N=312; p values are based on chi-square tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. BMI, body mass index; m, mean; mdn, median; max, maximum; min, minimum; SD, standard deviation; TV, television.