Figure 4.

Inflation in test statistics from different models under population stratification. Inflation in test statistics for (a) δ = 0.02, (b) δ = 0.04, (c) δ = 0.06, (d) δ = 0.08, (e) δ = 0.1 of main-effects (red), main+adj (blue) and haplotype (green) models. δ represents the difference between populations of the frequency of the most common haplotype, and μ represents the difference in probabilities of a random individual from each population being a case. Inflation is measured by λ, the ratio of the median of observed statistics to the median expected under the null.