Table 1.
Basic Characteristics of Japanese, White, and Japanese American Men Aged 40–49
| Japanese in Japan (n = 100) | Whites (n = 99) | Japanese Americans (n = 98) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.1 ± 2.8 | 45.4 ± 2.7 | 46.0 ± 3.0 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 2.8 | 27.9 ± 4.6 | 27.9 ± 4.5 | ¶§ |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.6 ± 7.3 | 98.4 ± 11.9 | 93.9 ± 11.5 | ¶†§ |
| VAT (cm2) | 77.7 ± 29.1 | 99.2 ± 44.3 | 104.1 ± 52.4 | ¶† |
| SAT (cm2) | 79.6 ± 30.3 | 157.2 ± 76.0 | 141.9 ± 66.2 | ¶† |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.7 ± 14.9 | 121.4 ± 10.3 | 127.2 ± 13.2 | ¶† |
| Hypertension (%) | 22.0 | 13.1 | 32.7 | † |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.47 ± 0.99 | 3.46 ± 0.89 | 3.14 ± 0.96 | § |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.74 ± 1.01 | 1.78 ± 1.59 | 2.36 ± 1.98 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.38 | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 1.31 ± 0.30 | ¶ |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.97 ± 1.07 | 5.59 ± 0.57 | 6.21 ± 1.16 | ¶† |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 68.1 ± 29.1 | 100.7 ± 57.6 | 105.6 ± 76.4 | ¶§ |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.32 (0.17, 0.78) | 0.85 (0.48, 1.73) | 0.68 (0.34, 1.17) | ¶†§ |
| Serum marine n-3 fatty acids (%) | 8.79 (7.41, 11.16) | 3.47 (2.63, 4.83) | 4.44 (3.33, 6.01) | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 8.0 | 3.0 | 17.3 | † |
| Current cigarette smoker (%) | 54.0 | 7.1 | 15.3 | ¶§ |
| Alcohol drinker (%) | 62.0 | 50.5 | 31.6 | †§ |
Values are means (standard deviations) unless stated otherwise.
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or hypertensive medication. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or diabetes medication. Alcohol drinker was defined as those who drank alcohol 2 days per week or more.
Abbreviations: VAT, visceral adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue.
¶
P < 0.05 between the Japanese in Japan versus whites.
†
P < 0.05 between whites and Japanese Americans.
§
P < 0.05 between the Japanese in Japan versus Japanese Americans.