Table 4.
Associations of Cytokines with Marine n-3 Fatty Acids in Japanese, White, and Japanese American Men Aged 40–49
| |
Japanese in Japan (n = 100) |
Whites (n = 99) |
Japanese Americans (n = 98) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum marine n-3 fatty acids tertile | Low 3.72–7.78 | Middle 7.79–10.06 | High 10.08–20.52 | P for trend | Low 1.53–2.85 | Middle 2.88–4.17 | High 4.22–9.94 | P for trend | Low 1.35–3.65 | Middle 3.66–5.23 | High 5.25–13.93 | P for trend |
| IL-1α (pg/mL) | nd (nd, nd) | nd (nd, nd) | nd (nd, nd) | 0.514 | 123 (nd, 1,259) | 69 (nd, 327) | 77 (nd, 505) | 0.333 | 68 (nd, 1,185) | nd (nd, 352) | 364 (nd, 1,173) | 0.532 |
| IL-1ra (pg/mL) | 40 (nd, 118) | 18 (nd, 53) | 19 (nd, 86) | 0.437 | 60 (7, 135) | 38 (9, 102) | 58 (9, 120) | 0.931 | 20 (nd, 97) | nd (nd, 65) | 10 (nd, 74) | 0.506 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | nd (nd, 77) | nd (nd, 5) | nd (nd, 18) | 0.459 | 141 (13, 1,530) | 75 (nd, 585) | 101 (nd, 955) | 0.261 | 221 (nd, 1,486) | 32 (nd, 463) | 349 (nd, 1,295) | 0.725 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 1.3 (nd, 6.2) | nd (nd, 1.8) | nd (nd, 1.2) | 0.055 | 13.0 (4.2, 77.1) | 8.6 (nd, 31.8) | 10.0 (1.5, 48.7) | 0.348 | 10.2 (1.2, 79.9) | 2.6 (nd, 25.0) | 36.4 (nd, 78.8) | 0.633 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.8 (nd, 12.0) | 5.0 (0.7, 13.0) | 5.5 (nd, 9.3) | 0.344 | 7.1 (nd, 12.8) | 4.6 (nd, 12.2) | 8.1 (1.5, 17.5) | 0.498 | 6.1 (1.2, 22.3) | nd (nd, 9.5) | 6.4 (nd, 24.2) | 0.649 |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 242 (183, 313) | 248 (195, 318) | 265 (209, 329) | 0.331 | 192 (140, 259) | 194 (141, 232) | 223 (157, 314) | 0.413 | 183 (141, 300) | 157 (118, 239) | 161 (121, 213) | 0.147 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 144 (102, 199) | 134 (110, 167) | 150 (121, 170) | 0.610 | 282 (240, 330) | 279 (205, 325) | 270 (229, 295) | 0.231 | 162 (128, 162) | 149 (121, 149) | 155 (118, 200) | 0.618 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 2.1 (nd, 4.3) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.7) | 2.2 (nd, 4.1) | 0.732 | 4.9 (3.6, 5.5) | 4.9 (2.8, 7.5) | 3.1 (2.5, 6.4) | 0.076 | 4.2 (2.7, 6.1) | 3.2 (2.0, 4.1) | 3.7 (2.4, 4.8) | 0.328 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
nd: not detected; IL-1α: interleukin-1α; IL-1ra: interleukin-1 receptor agonist; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-8: interleukin-8; IL-10: interleukin-10; IP-10: interferon-inducible protein-10; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.