Comparative effects of nonencapsulated EGCG and nano-EGCG on tumor growth and PSA secretion in a xenograft model. A, effect on the growth of tumor xenografts. Details of the experiments are given in Materials and Methods. Columns, tumor volume (mm3) of seven mice; bars, SE. *, P < 0.05 compared with the data from control group at previous time point. **, P < 0.01 compared with the control group at the respective time point. B, photographs of tumors. Photographs were taken of the excised tumors at the termination of the experiment. Typical tumors from control and treated groups. C, effect on the serum PSA levels. The levels of PSA were determined by ELISA assay and expressed as serum (in ng/mL) ± SE of five mice. *, P < 0.05 compared with the vehicle-treated controls. D, EGCG serum levels. Four mice in each group were treated with the agents and bled immediately and 1, 2, and 4 h after treatment. Serum was separated, and EGCG concentration was determined. Results are expressed as EGCG concentration (µg/mL serum).