Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | No. (%) of subjects* n = 23 |
|---|---|
| Age, yr | |
| Mean (SD) | 45.4 (12.3) |
| Range | 25–77 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 11 (47.8) |
| Female | 12 (52.2) |
| Education | |
| Primary or elementary | 1 (4.3) |
| Secondary or high school | 8 (34.8) |
| University or college | 14 (60.9) |
| Employment status | |
| Full-time or part-time | 4 (17.4) |
| Retired | 2 (8.7) |
| Short-term disability or disabled | 14 (60.9) |
| Other | 3 (13.0) |
| Medications | |
| Opioids | 14 (61) |
| Antidepressants | 12 (52) |
| Anticonvulsants | 10 (43) |
| NSAIDS | 10 (43) |
| Tobacco use | |
| Never smoked | 8 (34.8) |
| Current smoker | 9 (39.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 6 (26.1) |
| Ever used alcohol | |
| Yes | 14 (60.9) |
| No | 9 (39.1) |
| Ever used cannabis | |
| Yes | 18 (81.8) |
| No | 4 (18.2) |
| Average daily pain at baseline | |
| Mean (SD) | 6.89 (1.37) |
| Range | 4.0–9.2 |
Note: NSAIDS = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SD = standard deviation.
*
Unless otherwise indicated.