Table III.

Classification and functional status of protein families putatively assigned a salivary function in blood feeding Nematocera.

Class	Number	Function known?	Reference
Subclass
Name
I – Ubiquitous protein families existing outside Diptera, function known or presumed
Enzymes
Phlebotomine Cimex-type apyrase	11	Y	(Valenzuela et al., 2001b)
5'nucleotidas/Apyrase family	17	Y	(Champagne et al., 1995; Sun et al., 2006)
Adenosine deaminase family	7	Y	(Ribeiro et al., 2001)
Purine hydrolase	3	Y	(Ribeiro and Valenzuela, 2003)
Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase - Phlebotomine specific	3
Endonuclease	11	Y	(Calvo and Ribeiro, 2006)
Hyaluronidase	5	Y	(Cerna et al., 2002; Ribeiro et al., 2000)
Ribonucleases	3
Alkaline phosphatase	2
Serine proteases	48
Metalloprotease - may be housekeeping	1
Dipeptidyl peptidase	1
Cathepsins - maybe housekeeping	2
Glutamate carboxypeptidase - may be housekeeping	1
Phlebotomus phospholipase A2	3
Mosquito lipase	2
Triacylglycerol lipase	1
Carboxylesterase	1
Destabilase family	3
Anopheline peroxidases	4	Y	(Ribeiro and Valenzuela, 1999)
Peroxiredoxin	3
Glycosidases	34	Y	(James et al., 1989; Marinotti et al., 1996; Marinotti et al., 1990; Marinotti and James, 1990)
Chitinase	4
Ubiquitous protease inhibitor domains
Serpin family	10	Y	(Stark and James, 1998)
Simulium Kunitz proteins	6
Culicoides Kunitz proteins	15
Cystatins - may be housekeeping	2
TIL domain family found in mosquitoes	8
Kazal domain containing peptides	11
Immunity-related proteins
Lysozyme	13	Y	(Moreira-Ferro et al., 1998; Rossignol and Lueders, 1986)
Defensin	9
Diptericin	1
Gambicin	4	Y	(Vizioli et al., 2001)
Cecropins	7
GGY peptide	3
Fred/Ficolin domain containing proteins	7
Gram negative binding protein	7
Peptidoglycan recognition protein	2
Leucine rich protein	2
Galectin - maybe housekeeping	2
C type lectins	18
Mucins
Widespread mucin family	3
Virus induced mucin	6
Mucin I mosquito family	29
gSG5 mucin protein family	5
SG3 mucin family	11
Aedes-specific mucin	4
Simulium mucin	5
30 kDa Phlebotomine mucin family	13
Culicoides 10 kDa mucin	3
Other mucins	12
Peritrophin /chitin binding	6
OBP superfamily
Long D7 mosquito family	23	Y	(Calvo et al., 2006a; Calvo et al., 2009a; Mans et al., 2007)
Anopheline short D7 family	27	Y	(Calvo et al., 2006a; Isawa et al., 2002)
Culicine short D7 proteins	15
Salivary mosquito OBP	6
Phlebotomine long D7 family	22
Phlebotomine SP-15 family	33
Lutzomyia short D7	3
Simulium specific long D7 family with 2 OBP domains	3
Simulium nigrimanum long D7 with only 1 OBP domain	1
Simulium OBP	3
Simulium nigrimanum OBP	3
Simulium short D7 family	28	Y	(Cupp and Cupp, 2000)
Culicoides OBP family	12
Culicoides OBP family II	7
Other ubiquitous families
Aedes sialokinin - neurokinin family	2	Y	(Beerntsen et al., 1999; Champagne and Ribeiro, 1994; Zeidner et al., 1999)
Selenoprotein	1
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein	3
Aedes Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein	2
Yellow phlebotomine family	14
II – Ubiquitous protein families existing outside Nematocera, function unknown
Antigen-5 family	40
III– Ubiquitous insect protein families existing outside Nematocera, function unknown
15–17 kDa Insect family	7
Simulium/Culicoides insect conserved secreted protein family	9
12–14 kDa mosquito family	8
Hypothetical conserved secreted protein	3
Culex/Drosophila WAP subfamily	3
Aedes hypothetical secreted conserved protein	1
IV - Protein families exclusive of blood sucking Nematocera
30 kDa/Aegyptin family	55	Y	(Boppana et al., 2009; Calvo et al., 2007b; Calvo al.; Yoshida et al., 2008)
41 kDa family	18
V - Protein families specific of mosquitoes
Found in both culicines and anophelines
56 kDa mosquito family	7
37.7 kDa mosquito family	3
Basic tail mosquito family	13
4.3 kDa mosquito peptide	3
HHH peptide family	10
Glycine-rich mosquito family	3
Salivary protein 16 family	2
Aedes/darlingi 14–15family	2
gSG8 family	3
Hyp6.2 family	5
SG1/62kDa superfamily
Anopheline SG1 family	27
Aedes 62 kDa kDa family	5
Uniquely found in Culicines
9.7 kDa	8
hyp8.2 culicine family	5
30.5 kDa protein	12
23.5 kDa culicine family	4
KKK circle family	2
GQ rich culicine family	7
Culex/Toxorhynchites family	2
Uniquely found in anophelines
cE5/Anophelin family	7	Y	(Francischetti et al., 1999; Valenzuela et al., 1999)
gSG7 family/Anophensins	9	Y	(Isawa et al., 2007)
gSG6 family	3
Hyp8.2 family	6
hypl5–17 family	7
SG2 family	8
hyp10/hyp12 family	7
4.2 kDa family	4
Anopheles acidic protein	7
An. darlingi GGGG peptide family	5
Uniquely found in Aedes
Aedes 6.5–8.5 protein family	4
Aedes W rich peptides	8
34 kDa Aedes family	9
Uniquely found in Culex
Culex WRP/16 kDa family	33
VI - Protein families specific of black flies
Simulium SVEP family	16	Y	(Cupp et al., 1998)
Simulium collagen-like family	20
Sv7.0 kDa family	7
Simulium Q-rich proteins	8
Basic 7–13 Simulium family	4
Sv7.8 kDa family	4
Basic 7–13 Simulium family	2
Simulium Basic 13 kDa family	4
Simulium Basic 28 kDa family	4
Simulium Acid 28kDa family	4
Simulium Sv7.8 kDa family	4
Simulium nigrimanum 8–10CysW family	5
Simulium nigrimanum conserved hypothetical family	3
Simulium 5-Cys secreted protein	3
Simulium nigrimanum 8–10Cys family	3
Simulium family of conserved secreted proteins	3
Simulium disintegrin similar to Phenoloxidase inhibitor peptide	2
Simulium basic 7.4 kDa family	2
Simulium basic 13 kDa family	2
Sv7.8 kDa family	2
Simulium 4.8 kDa family	5
Simulium Basic 7–13 Simulium family	2
H-rich, acidic proteins of Simulium	13
Simulium nigrimanum Sn Actinohivin	1
VII - Protein families specific of sand flies
Phlebotomine hyp13 family	5
SP13 Phlebotomine family	3
37–46 kDa phlebotomine family	5
33 kDa Phlebotomine family of Xa inhibitors	7
27–30 kDa phlebotomine family	4
Lutzomyia 9–10kDa family	2
16 kDa Phlebotomus family	3
10 kDa Phlebotomine peptide - also found in midgut	2
Maxadilan	1	Y	(Lerner et al., 1991; Lerner and Shoemaker, 1992)
VIII - Protein families specific of Culicoides
H-rich, acidic proteins of Culicoides	3
15 kDa Culicoides protein family	2
19–21 kDa Culicoides protein family	2
Culicoides 15 kDa family	20
Culicoides proteins distantly similar to Culex 16.7 kDa protein	6
Culicoides 18.5 kDa family	3
Culicoides 20 kDa family	2
Culicoides nebuculosus His rich peptides	3
IX - Salivary-orphan proteins of conserved secreted families
Various	43
X - Orphan proteins of unique standing
Various	63