TABLE 2.
Virulence determinants tested in multiple infection models
| Virulence determinant | Mutant phenotype(s) |
References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertebrate models | Invertebrate models | Plant models | Eukaryotic cell culture models | ||
| Ornibactin siderophore | 3-log decrease in bacterial burden, rat agar bead model | Decreased virulence in C. elegans model, avirulent in G. mellonella model | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 150, 164 |
| LPS core oligosaccharide | Avirulent in rat agar bead model | Decreased virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | Does not survive in murine macrophages | 99, 121, 164 |
| CepRI quorum-sensing system | Less lung tissue inflammation in rat agar bead model, decreased virulence after intranasal infection in Cftr−/− mice | Decreased virulence in C. elegans model (strain independent), decreased virulence in G. mellonella model (strain dependent) | Decreased virulence in alfalfa seedling model (strain dependent) | No data | 82, 151, 164 |
| CciRI quorum-sensing system | Less lung tissue inflammation, rat agar bead model | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 10, 164 |
| HtrA protease | Avirulent in rat agar bead model | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 51, 164 |
| AidA | Virulent in rat agar bead model | Decreased virulence in C. elegans model, full virulence in G. mellonella model | Virulent in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 66, 164 |
| BDSFa | Decreased virulence in zebra fish | Decreased virulence in G. mellonella model | No data | Does not inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation | 19, 44, 136 |
| Type 3 secretion system | 3-log decrease in bacterial burden in rat agar bead model | Decreased virulence in C. elegans model, full virulence in G. mellonella model | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | Virulent in murine macrophages | 86, 159, 164 |
| Type 4 secretion system | No data | No data | Does not cause tissue destruction in onions | Decreased virulence in airway epithelial and macrophage cells | 48, 138 |
| Type 6 secretion system | Decreased virulence in rat agar bead model | No data | No data | Decreased survival in the presence of amoeba | 6, 68 |
| ZmpA protease | 3- to 4-log decrease in bacterial burden, rat agar bead model (strain dependent) | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Virulent in alfalfa seedling model with decreased bacterial burden | No data | 15, 40, 81, 164 |
| ZmpB protease | Less lung tissue inflammation in rat agar bead model | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 81, 164 |
| ShvR regulator | Less lung tissue inflammation in rat agar bead model | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Avirulent in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 14, 164 |
| OpcI outer membrane porin | Less lung tissue inflammation in rat agar bead model | Full virulence in C. elegans and G. mellonella models | Full virulence in alfalfa seedling model | No data | 10, 164 |
| MgtC | Decreased virulence in rat agar bead model | No data | No data | Does not survive in murine macrophages | 68, 107 |
| Phenylacetic acid catabolic pathway | Decreased virulence in rat agar bead model | Decreased virulence in C. elegans model | No data | No data | 68, 90 |
| Cable pili | No data | Decreased virulence in G. mellonella model | No data | Does not kill airway epithelial cells | 32, 136 |
| Flagellum | Avirulent in mouse agar bead model | Decreased virulence in G. mellonella model | No data | Reduced invasion of epithelial cells | 136, 160, 165 |
a
BDSF, cis-2-dodecenoic acid, diffusible, nonhomoserine lactone signal molecule.