Cytoplasmic accumulation of NF45 during IBDV infection. DF-1 (A and B), QM-7 (C and D), Vero (E and F), and BHK21 (G and H) cells were infected with IBDV strain D78 or left uninfected to serve as controls (c). At 12 h p.i., the cells were ethanol fixed and incubated with anti-VP3 MAb IBDV2 (VP3), rabbit anti-ckNF45-His (NF45), and PI. The binding of the primary antibodies was visualized with species-specific conjugates (goat anti-mouse-Cy3 and goat anti-rabbit-FITC). An overlay of the confocal pictures is shown (merge).