Table 1.
Study group characteristics
| Characteristic | Toilet Trained | Bed-Wetting | Not Toilet Trained | Overall | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. pts | 235 | 76 | 18 | 329 | ||||
| Median yrs age at enrollment (IQR) (years) | 13.4 | (9.8, 15.5) | 10.1 | (8.0, 13.0) | 8.6 | (6.3, 13.5) | 12.5 | (8.9, 15.2) |
| Median yrs to toilet training (IQR) | 2 | (2, 3) | 3 | (2, 3) | 8.6 | (6.3, 13.5) | 2 | (2, 3) |
| Median yrs bed-wetting after toilet training (IQR) | 0.6 | (0, 5) | 7.7 | (5.3, 10.7) | 0 | 2 | (0, 6) | |
| Median yrs from stopping bed-wetting to enrollment (IQR) | 7.9 | (3.3, 11.6) | 0 | 0 | 4.1 | (0, 9.7) | ||
| No. male (%) | 136 | (57.9) | 57 | (75.0) | 9 | (50) | 202 | (61.4) |
| No. white (%) | 164 | (70.1) | 54 | (71.1) | 11 | (61.1) | 229 | (69.8) |
| No. $1,000 household income (%): | ||||||||
| Less than 36 | 86 | (37.9) | 28 | (36.8) | 8 | (44.4) | 122 | (38.0) |
| 36–75 | 73 | (32.2) | 24 | (31.6) | 8 | (44.4) | 105 | (32.7) |
| Greater than 75 | 68 | (30.0) | 24 | (31.6) | 2 | (11.1) | 94 | (29.3) |
| No. maternal education (%): | ||||||||
| 12 Yrs or less | 100 | (43.5) | 26 | (34.7) | 9 | (50) | 135 | (41.8) |
| 13–15 Yrs | 66 | (28.7) | 19 | (25.3) | 6 | (33.3) | 91 | (28.2) |
| 16 Yrs or greater | 64 | (27.8) | 30 | (40) | 3 | (16.7) | 97 | (30) |
| No. urological diagnosis (%): | 128 | (55.2) | 42 | (55.3) | 11 | (61.1) | 181 | (55.5) |
| Obstructive uropathy | 40 | (31.3) | 18 | (42.9) | 5 | (45.5) | 63 | (34.8) |
| Reflux nephropathy | 42 | (32.8) | 7 | (16.7) | 2 | (18.2) | 51 | (28.2) |
| Aplastic/hypoplastic/dysplastic kidneys | 35 | (27.3) | 11 | (26.2) | 3 | (27.3) | 49 | (27.1) |
| Other | 4 | (3.1) | 2 | (4.8) | 0 | 6 | (3.3) | |
| Abdominal musculature agenesis syndrome | 4 | (3.1) | 1 | (2.4) | 0 | 5 | (2.8) | |
| Hydronephrosis | 2 | (1.6) | 2 | (4.8) | 0 | 4 | (2.2) | |
| Vacterl syndrome | 1 | (0.8) | 1 | (2.4) | 1 | (9.1) | 3 | (1.7) |
| Median ml/min/1.73 m2 iGFR (IQR) | 44 | (33, 55) | 39 | (30, 48) | 42 | (35, 52) | 42 | (33, 54) |
| No. CKD stage (%): | ||||||||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| II | 33 | (14.4) | 14 | (19.7) | 2 | (11.8) | 49 | (15.5) |
| III | 147 | (64.2) | 51 | (71.8) | 11 | (64.7) | 209 | (65.9) |
| IV | 49 | (21.4) | 5 | (7.0) | 4 | (23.5) | 58 | (18.3) |
| V | 0 | 1 | (1.4) | 0 | 1 | (0.3) | ||
| Median ml/dl hematocrit (IQR) | 37 | (34, 40) | 35 | (33, 38) | 37 | (34, 40) | 37 | (33, 40) |
| Median gm/dl hemoglobin (IQR) | 12.4 | (11.6, 13.5) | 12.3 | (11.3, 13.2) | 12.0 | (11.6, 13.7) | 12.4 | (11.5, 13.5) |
| No. anemia (%) | 99 | (42.9) | 38 | (50.7) | 6 | (35.3) | 143 | (44.3) |
| Median IQ (IQR) | 98 | (86, 109) | 98 | (86, 107) | 91 | (85, 98) | 97 | (86, 109) |
| Median ht percentile (IQR) | 22 | (8, 49) | 23 | (6, 49) | 29 | (4, 51) | 22 | (7, 50) |
| No. Tanner stage (%): | ||||||||
| I | 101 | (44.3) | 54 | (71.0) | 11 | (64.7) | 166 | (51.7) |
| II | 29 | (12.7) | 11 | (14.5) | 1 | (5.9) | 41 | (12.8) |
| III | 25 | (11.0) | 4 | (5.3) | 2 | (11.8) | 31 | (9.7) |
| IV | 48 | (21.0) | 6 | (7.9) | 1 | (5.9) | 55 | (17.1) |
| V | 25 | (11.0) | 1 | (1.3) | 2 | (11.8) | 28 | (8.7) |