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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Immunol. 2010 Aug 14;265(2):139–145. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.08.002

Figure 2. Morphine suppresses LPS-induced macrophage secretion of VEGF proteins in a concentration-dependant manner.

Figure 2

RAW-264 mouse macrophage cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of morphine 16h prior to LPS stimulation. Media-containing supernatants underwent ELISA analysis. VEGF expression was induced in the presence of LPS (lane 2). At 100 nM and 1uM morphine concentrations, LPS-stimulated VEGF protein expression was reduced to sub-basal levels (lanes 3 and 4). Morphine treatment, in the absence of LPS (lanes 5 and 6), significantly reduced VEGF expression as compared to its control treated group.