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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Genet Psychol. 2010 Apr–Jun;171(2):116–138. doi: 10.1080/00221320903548092

Table 3.

Means and standard deviation for risk classes, males.

Average Mixed High-risk,
low-promotive
Low-risk, high-
promotive
N=101 N=60 N=22 N=46

M SD M SD M SD M SD
IQ .04 .10 −.55 .19 −.19 .28 1.06 .12
SES −.28 .06 −.41 .06 −.34 .11 1.46 .08
Physical child abuse −.64 .27 1.91 .38 1.99 1.04 −.84 .33
Exposure to intimate partner violence −.23 .11 .22 .20 .80 .40 −.63 .05
Early problem behavior −.13 .05 .67 .09 .36 .19 −.25 .05
Social and attention
problems
−.17 .05 .52 .09 .20 .06 −.28 .07
Positive future orientation .01 .06 .06 .07 −.45 .16 −.06 .13
Religion −.18 .09 −.27 .12 −.55 .21 .70 .13
Parental/peer disapproval
of anti-social acts
−.01 .05 .02 .09 −1.02 .35 .09 .05
Parental responsiveness
and acceptance
.08 .07 −.14 .12 −1.01 .15 .37 .07
Involvement in
Extracurricular activities
−.03 .09 −.29 .07 −.35 .13 .88 .12