Table 1.

Drugs of interest implicated in risk of lupus, with their estimated risk levels. Reprinted from Toxicology, Volume 209 (Issue 2), Robert L. Rubin, Drug-induced lupus, page 13, Copyright (2005), with permission from Elsevier

Drug name	Indication	Drug class	Risk*
Procainamide	Arrhythmias	Anti-arrhythmic	High
Hydralazine	Hypertension	Vasodilator	High
Quinidine	Drug for acute malaria and to treat arrhythmias	Anti-arrhythmic	Moderate
Isoniazid	Anti-tuberculosis drug	Hydrazide	Low
Minocycline	Bacterial infection; primarily used to treat acne	Antibacterials for systemic use; tetracycline	Low
Carbamazepine	Epilepsy	Anti-convulsant; carboxamide derivative	Low
Acebutolol	Hypertension, angina and arrhythmias	Antihypertensive; beta-adrenoreceptor blocker	Low
Captopril	Hypertension	Antihypertensive; angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor	Low
Methyldopa	Hypertension	Antihypertensive; centrally acting anti-adrenergic agent	Low
Chlorpromazine	Schizophrenia and other psychoses	Psycholeptic; antipsychotic	Low
Prophylthiouracil	Hyperthyroidism	Systemic hormonal preparations; thyroid therapy	Low

^*Due to a lack of analytical studies, risks are currently assigned based on number of case reports published in the literature [3].