Table 1.

Extraction forces of teeth in various species.

Species	Teeth	Age	Extraction force (N)	Reference
Human	Incisors	20–49 yr	170–240	[5]
	Canines	20–49 yr	320–370	[5]
	Premolars	20–49 yr	240–300	[5]
	Molars	20–49 yr	300–360	[5]
Rat	Mandibular
	First molar	6 wk	43–48	[6]
		3–32 wk	16–46	[7]
	Second molar	7–10 wk	18–27	[8]
	Third molar	7–10 wk	8–13	[8]
	Incisor	4–24 wk	25–74	[9]
	Maxillary
	First molar	7–10 wk	22–34	[8]
	Second molar	7–10 wk	20–30	[8]
	Third molar	7–10 wk	8–18	[8]
Mouse	Mandibular
	First molar	4–8 wk	6–11	Shibata et al. (unpublished)
Hamster	Mandibular
	First molar	4–16 wk	23–25	[10]