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Scheme of catalytic conversion of VD3 to 1α,25(OH)2VD3. In humans, VD3 is physiologically activated mainly by CYP27A1, CYP2R1, and CYP27B1 in the liver and kidney. Vdh from P. autotrophica also catalyzes the conversion of VD3 to 1α,25(OH)2VD3 by regio- and stereoselective sequential hydroxylations.
