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. 2010 Jul 23;285(41):31292–31303. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.147850

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

β-LGND1 represses diet induced obesity. Six-week-old C57BL6 mice (n = 5) were fed with normal diet or high-fat diet and treated with vehicle or β-LGND1 (30 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) for 12 weeks. Biweekly body weight (A) and feed consumption (B) were measured. A, right graph shows the percent difference (diff) in body weight of high-fat diet-fed groups from normal diet-fed group. A, inset shows a representative mouse. C, β-LGND1 reduces body fat and increases bone mineral content. Whole body DEXA scanning was performed on the C57BL6 mice (animals described in A; n = 5) to measure the body fat (left panel) and bone mineral content (right panel). Body fat content is expressed as percent fat of body weight. D, E, G, and H, β-LGND1-reduced metabolic disease markers. C57BL6 mice (animals described in A; n = 5) were sacrificed after 12 weeks of treatment and the weight of WAT (D) was measured. Blood was collected, and cholesterol (E), leptin (G), and inflammatory marker MIP-1b (H) were measured in the serum as described under “Materials and Methods.” F, β-LGND1 reduces serum glucose after glucose tolerance test. Glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 12 weeks of treatment (animals described in A; n = 5) by administering 150 mg of glucose orally and measuring blood glucose levels at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min of glucose administration. I, β-LGND1 reduces lipid accumulation in liver. Sections were performed on cryopreserved liver from C57BL6 mice (animals described in A; n = 5) and stained for lipid accumulation using Oil Red O staining. J, β-LGND-1 increases UCP-1 protein levels in brown adipose tissue. UCP-1 expression at protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis of protein extracts from brown adipose tissue and hybridizing the proteins with an antibody for UCP-1 and normalized to actin. Representative images of n = 5 are shown. Bar graph shows the quantification of UCP-1 and normalization to actin levels. N.D, normal diet; H.F., high-fat diet. MIP, 1b-macrophage inflammatory protein; veh, vehicle; B.Wt, body weight; UCP-1, uncoupling protein-1; *, significance at p < 0.05 from normal diet-fed vehicle-treated animals; #, significance at p < 0.05 from high-fat diet-fed vehicle-treated animals. Values are expressed as means ± S.E. with n = 5 animals.