TABLE 2.
β-LGND1 alters the gene expression involved in lipid homeostasis
RNA from brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver was extracted from C57BL6 mice (animals described in Fig 2; n = 5) and cDNA-synthesized, and the expressions of 32 genes (complete list of genes given in supplemental Table 1) were measured using TaqMan gene expression array cards. Genes that were significantly different in high-fat diet-fed β-LGND1-treated animals from high-fat diet-fed vehicle-treated animals at p < 0.01 and having more than 2-fold difference are expressed. Values are expressed as -fold change from high-fat diet-fed and vehicle-treated animals with − indicating a decrease in gene expression and + indicating an increase in gene expression in the β-LGND1-treated samples. Numbers in the parentheses are corresponding reference numbers to corroborate the statements.
| Gene name | Fold increase(+)/decrease (−) | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Brown adipose tissue | ||
| Ddit3 (DNA damage inducible transcript III) | (−)2.01 | Promotes obesity, oxidative stress, β-cell damage (42) |
| GPx-3 (glutathione peroxidase) | +2.25 | Prevents obesity, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation (41) |
| LPL (lipoprotein lipase) | (−)2.50 | High level increase of insulin resistance and T2DM. High fat diet increase in lipoprotein lipase (36) |
| PLTP (phospholipid transfer protein) | (−)3.76 | Involved in atherogenesis, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis (39) |
| ER-β (estrogen receptor β) | +3.50 | |
| Dhcr24 (dehydrocholesterol reductase) | (−)3.33 | Encodes cholesterol-synthesizing enzyme Seladin-1 (40) |
| UCP-1 (uncoupled protein-1) | +6.90 | Promotes energy expenditure, reduces cholesterol (34) |
| UCP-2 (uncoupled protein-2) | +3.48 | Promotes energy expenditure, reduces cholesterol (35) |
| White adipose tissue | ||
| SREBP1 (Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1) | (−)6.14 | Increases fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol (38) |
| FASN (fatty-acid synthase) | (−)7.92 | Fatty acid synthesis. Mostly in association with SREBP (37) |
| Ddit3 (DNA damage-inducible transcript III) | (−)3.05 | Promotes obesity, oxidative stress, β-cell damage (42) |
| LPL (lipoprotein lipase) | (−)3.15 | High levels increase insulin resistance and T2DM. High-fat diet increased LPL in tissues (36) |
| Liver | ||
| GPx-3 (glutathione peroxidase) | +2.60 | Prevents obesity, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, and major antioxidant in plasma (41) |
| CIDEA (Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor) | (−)5.50 | Very important factor in adipose cell function and obesity |