FIGURE 4.

C-terminal truncation of MCP1 enhances the activation of Rac1. N9 microglial cells were treated with 10 nm MCP1 over time. Activated Rac1 was immunoprecipitated using GST-PAK-binding domain beads. At each time point, the activated and total Rac1 were detected by Western blotting. A, Western blots of activated and total Rac1 for human MCP1 and mouse FL-, K104A-, and K104Stop-MCP1 (both wild-type and CCR2^−/− cells) and CT-MCP1. B, quantification of the blots in A. The blots were normalized to the value at zero time. The CT-MCP1 blot was also quantified but not shown on the graph because the values were negligible at all time points. Each experimental condition was assayed in triplicate, and the data were expressed as mean ± S.D. *, p < 0.05. Error bars, S.D.