Table 3.
Patient Characteristics and CES-D Cutoffs for ART-Experienced and -Naive Patients, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| 52 (13%) Participants With CES-D >16 |
25 (6%) Participants With CES-D >21 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI, P Value) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI, P Value) |
N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI, P Value) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI, P Value) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 13 (25) | 0.68 (0.35-1.33, P = .26) | – | 6 (24) | 0.66 (0.26-1.69, P = .39) | – |
| Female | 39 (75) | Ref | 19 (76) | Ref | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18-29 years | 14 (27) | Ref | – | 7 (28) | Ref | – |
| 30-39 years | 28 (54) | 1.11 (0.56-2.22, P = .47) | 13 (52) | 1.02 (0.39-2.64, P = .76) | ||
| ≥40 | 10 (19) | 0.80 (0.34-1.90, P = .46) | 5 (20) | 0.81 (0.25-2.64, P = .67) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Secondary and below | 4′0 (82) | 2.18 (1.02-4.66, P = .04) | 2.27 (.98-5.23, P = .05) | 18 (78) | 1.67 (0.6-4.6, P = .32) | 2.08 (0.64-6.79, P = .22) |
| Postsecondary | 9 (18) | Ref | 5 (22) | Ref | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Currently married | 24 (47) | 0.6 (0.33-1.1, P = .09) | 0.54 (0.27-1.1, P = .07) | 11 (44) | 0.54 (0.24-1.23, P = .14) | 0.55 (0.21-1.44, P = .22) |
| Currently not married | 27 (57) | Ref | 14 (56) | Ref | ||
| Disclosure of HIV status to anyone | ||||||
| Yes | 48 (94) | 0.43 (011-1.64, P = .22) | 0.50 (0.11-2.28, P = .37) | 21 (87) | 0.17 (0.04-0.70, P = .01) | 0.20 (0.04-0.99, P = .05) |
| No | 3 (6) Z | Ref | 3 (12) | Ref | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Not employed/retired | 31 (62) | 0.80 (0.43-1.46, P = .45) | – | 15 (62) | 0.82 (0.35-1.93, P = .69) | – |
| Present employment | 19 (38) | Ref | 9 (37) | Ref | ||
| CD4 absolute count at entry to care | ||||||
| < 200 cells/mm3 | 27 (56) | 0.98 (0.46-2.1, P = .41) | – | 14 (61) | 1.43 (0.46-4.5, P = .31) | – |
| ≥200 to <350 cells/mm3 | 10 (26) | 0.57 (0.23-1.43, P = .15) | 5 (22) | 0.83 (0.22-3.2, P = .51) | ||
| ≥350 cells/mm3 | 11 (23) | Ref | 4 (17) | Ref | ||
| Patient group | ||||||
| ART naive | 31 (60) | 2.03 (1.12-3.68, P = .02) | 1.67 (0.85-3.27, P = .13) | 16 (64) | 2.32 (1.01-5.46, P = .05) | 1.87 (0.72-4.88, P = .20) |
| ART experienced | 21 (40) | Ref | 9 (36) | Ref | ||
| Language | ||||||
| English | 38 (76) | 0.32 (0.15-0.68, P = .003) | 0.39 (0.16-0.93, P = .03) | 18 (75) | 0.34 (0.13-0.92, P = .03) | 0.4 (.12-1.28, P = .12) |
| Hausa | 12 (24) | Ref | 6 (25) | Ref | ||
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference.