Table 5. Randomized controlled trials of lignans and other cardiovascular risk factors.
| Outcome | Author, year, reference | Adult population | Vehicle | Lignan dosage per day | Study duration weeks | N | Response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-reactive protein | Pan et al (2009)141 | M, F, China, type 2 diabetics, age 50-70, LDL ≥2.90 mmol/L | Capsule flaxseed lignan extract | Seco 124 mg (360 mg SDG) | 12 | 64 | -0.45 mg/l p = 0.021 |
| Pan et al (2009)141 | F, China, type 2 diabetics, age 50-70, postmenopausal, LDL ≥2.90 mmol/L | Capsule flaxseed lignan extract | Seco 124 mg (360 mg SDG) | 12 | 39 | -0.67 mg/l p = 0.016 | |
| Pan et al (2009)141 | M, China, type 2 diabetics, age 50-70, LDL ≥2.90 mmol/L | Capsule flaxseed lignan extract | Seco 124 mg (360 mg SDG) | 12 | 25 | -0.20 mg/l p = 0.49 | |
| Hallund et al (2008)140 | F, Denmark, postmenopausal age 61 ± 7, healthy, BP<160/90 | Muffin with flaxseed lignan complex | Seco 172 mg (500 mg SDG) | 6 | 22 | -0.18 mg/l p = 0.028 | |
| Marblestone 2008137 | F, USA, perimenopausal, age 36-48 | Flaxseed source by Brevail | Seco 69 mg (200 mg SDG) | 14 | 11 | reduced | |
| Wu et al (2009b)139 | M, F, Australia, overweight (BMI 25-35), ≥ 1 risk factor metabolic syndrome* or LDL > 3.4 mmol/L | Bars with 26.2 g sesame seeds | Sesamin 39.5, sesamolin 12.2 | 5 | 33 | -0.11mg/l p = 0.845 | |
| F2-isoprostanes | Wu et al (2009b)139 | M, F, Australia, overweight (BMI 25-35), ≥ 1 risk factor metabolic syndrome or LDL > 3.4 mmol/L | Bars with 26.2 g sesame seeds | Sesamin 39.5, sesamolin 12.2 | 5 | 33 | -35 pmol/l p = 0.047 |
| Metabolic syndrome composite scored | Cornish et al (2009)132 | M Canada, ≥50 years, healthy, with walking intervention | Tablet flaxseed lignan complex | Seco 187 mg (543 mg SDG) | 26 | 39 | 0.34 (controls 0.81, p = 0.058) |
| Cornish et al (2009)132 | F Canada, ≥50 years, healthy, with walking intervention | Tablet flaxseed lignan complex | Seco 187 mg (543 mg SDG) | 26 | 53 | No effect |
Abbreviations: M – males, F – females, BMI – body mass index, BP – blood pressure, LDL – low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Seco – Secoisolariciresinol, SDG - Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
*
Metabolic syndrome composite score based on fasting glucose, HDL, triglycerides, abdominal adiposity, blood pressure, and inflammatory cytokines