Figure 3. Analysis of aDNA from human remains with 18 markers (glpD, napA and 16 SNPs [11]) that define the three main branches of the Y. pestis evolutionary tree.
The upper part shows the Y. pestis codons that were either similar to the Y. pseudotuberculosis ancestor strain (in blue) or exhibited a SNP (in green). These codons were used here to describe the various branches and sub-branches of the Y. pestis microevolutionary tree, as defined in [11]. The lower part of the figure shows the codons obtained at each specific position in the aDNA from individuals originating from three different archeological sites (Bergen op Zoom [Ber], Hereford [Her], and Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse [SLC]). Samples which failed to give an amplification product are indicated in grey. Yellow indicates sequencing results that did not unambiguously resolve a SNP. n.t.: not tested. *: Probably CGT, which could give rise to TGT by deamination.
