Fig. 1.
Identification of Arabidopsis SUMO substrates by yeast two-hybrid screening. (A) The SCE (E2; Upper), and a catalytically inactive version (C448S) and the N-terminal region of ESD4 (Lower) were used as baits in different yeast two-hybrid screens. (B) A total of 238 potential SUMO substrates were identified, 65 of which (28%) interacted with both ESD4 and SCE. (C) SUMO substrates cover a wide range of functions and are found in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm, chloroplast, and mitochondria.