Table 6.

Summary of the highest-quality studies of risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia

Study	Title of paper	Details of participants	Conclusions re increased suicide risk
Crumlish et al. (2005)	Early insight predicts depression and attempted suicide after 4 years in first-episode schizophrenia	101 participants, suicide attempts was used as a measurement	Insight is associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. Insight is also associated with depression
Fialko et al. (2006)	Understanding suicidal ideation in psychosis: findings from the Psychological Prevention of Relapse in Psychosis (PRP) trial	290 patients	Younger age and male gender not replicated Whites Anxiety, negative beliefs and depression Auditory hallucinations Daily alcohol consumption
Ran et al. (2007)	Mortality in people with schizophrenia in rural China: 10-year cohort study	500 patients	>50 y/o, male gender and inability to work associated with increased risk
			Age of onset > 45 y/o, duration of disease ≥ 10 years, physical illness
			Reduced risk with treatment
Ran et al. (2009)	Differences in mortality and suicidal behaviour between treated and never-treated people with schizophrenia in rural China	500 patients, 132 never received antipsychotic and 368 reported having received antipsychotic treatment	Suicide rates were not significantly different between treated and non-treated schizophrenic patients. Overall mortality rates in patients are high when compared with general population (>6.5 times)
Montross et al. (2008)	Suicidal ideation and attempts among middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia spectrum and concurrent subsyndromal depression.	132 patients	Male gender Hopelessness, depression, higher PANSS general psychopathology subscale scores
			History of suicidal ideation
Ran et al. (2008)	Mortality of geriatric and younger patients with schizophrenia in the community	500 patients	Patients from the younger age group had higher suicide rates

PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scale