Table 1.

Putative cancer risk and protective factors in schizophrenia

	Risk	Protective
Biological	Schizophrenia	Schizophrenia
	Neuroleptics	Neuroleptics
	Hyperprolactinaemia secondary to prolactin elevating antipsychotics	Early death from other causes
	Low birth weight	Lower fertility
	Lower fertility
	Obesity
	Diabetes/elevated blood sugar
	Inflammatory changes
	Birth order
Behavioural	Tobacco smoking	Lower exposure to occupational carcinogens
	Cannabis use	Low exposure to sunlight
	Alcohol
	Poor dietary intake
	Lower exercise rates
	Obesity
	Poor self-recognition of physical health problems
	Poor treatment adherence
Access to healthcare	Stigma	Greater screening in some environments
	Tenuous engagement with physical health services due to mental state