Table 2.
Cumulative effects in SD rat offspring of procymidone (50 mg/kg-d) and/or DBP (500 mg/kg-d) to the dam on gestational days (GD) 14–18. Neonatal and juvenile and adult male F1 necropsy data were analyzed using litter means. Values (means with standard errors as % different from control) with different letters (a, b, c) differ significantly from one another by LSMEANS test.
| Treatment | Control | Procymidone | DBP | Procymidone and DBP | ANOVA p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. dams | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| Maternal body weight gain (g) GD 14–18 | 34.6 g ± 3.3 | 32.4 ± 3.1 | 33.7 ± 2.4 | 29.7 ± 1.8 | NS |
| Litter size at birth | 14.0 ± 1.4 | 14.0 ± 0.7 | 13.3 ± 0.8 | 13.6 ± 0.5 | NS |
| Female pup bodyweight (g) at day 2 | 7.32 ± 0.20 | 7.43 ± 0.22 | 7.44 ± 0.19 | 7.49 ± 0.24 | NS |
| Female pup anogenital distance (mm) at day 2 | 1.50 ± 0.07 | 1.52 ± 0.06 | 1.55 ± 0.07 | 1.53 ± 0.05 | NS |
| Male pup bodyweight (g) at day 2 | 7.83 ± 0.23 | 7.77 ± 0.09 | 7.71 ± 0.26 | 7.95 ± 0.22 | NS |
| Male anogenital distance (mm) at day 2 | 3.50 a ± 0.08 | 2.97 b ± 0.06 | 3.24 c ± 0.08 | 2.59 d ± 0.07 | p < 0.0001 |
| Percent of males with areolas/nipples day 13 | 1.7% ± 1.7 a | 96.6 ± 2.3 b | 41.7 ± 10. c | 97.2 ± 2.8 b | p < 0.0001 |
| Number of areolas/nipples per male day 13 | 0.03 ± 0.03 a | 6.8 ± 0.6 b | 2.1 ± 0.6 c | 9.8 ± 1.0 d | p < 0.0001 |
| Adult body weight (g) | 559 ± 15 | 593 ± 19 | 584 ± 12 | 561 ± 15 | NS |
| Adult glans penis (mg) | 96.7 ± 9.7 | 99.9 ± 2.4 | 101.7 ± 2.1 | 85.6 ± 3.8 | NS |
| Adult ventral prostate (mg) | 687 ± 25 a | 621 ± 33 ab | 586 ± 41 b | 484 ± 34 c | p < 0.003 |
| Adult seminal vesicle (mg)a | 1893 ± 97 a | 1886 ± 33 a (−0%) | 1763 ± 74 ab (−7%) | 1582 ± 86 b (−16%) | p < 0.03 |
| Adult LABC (mg)a | 1238 ± 31 a | 1172 ± 24 ab (−5%) | 1120 ± 33 b (−10%) | 871 ± 56 c (−30%) | p < 0.0001 |
| Adult testes (mg) | 3520 ± 131 | 3498 ± 67 | 3253 ± 139 | 3313 ± 150 | NS |
| Adult kidneys (mg) | 3683 ± 87 | 3798 ± 138 | 3723 ± 119 | 3775 ± 174 | NS |
| Adult nipples | 0 a | 2.8 ± 0.7 b | 1.2 ± 0.4 ab | 5.9 ± 1.1 c | p < 0.0001 |
| Adult epididymides (mg) | 1215 ± 42 | 1227 ± 24 | 1114 ± 65 | 1097 ± 83 | NS |
| Adult Cauda epididymis (mg)a | 300 ± 13 a | 310 ± 5.5 a (+3%) | 272 ± 16.8 a (−9%) | 243 ± 20 b (−19%) | p < 0.02 |
| Adult Caput epididymis (mg) | 302 ± 10 | 304 ± 9 | 295 ± 7 | 274 ± 24 | NS |
a
Shaded indicates the change in the mixture group exceeds the prediction by response addition.