Table 3.
Cumulative developmental effects in male SD rat offspring of procymidone, an AR antagonist, and the phthalate DBP at 50 and/or 500 mg/kg-d, respectively to the dam on gestational days 14–18. Male offspring reproductive malformation data.
| Treatment | Control n = 36 males | Procymidone n = 66 | DBP n = 58 | Procymidone and DBP n = 45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent with nipples | 0% | 68.2 | 22.4 | 91.1 |
| Percent witha hypospadias | 0% | 1.5 | 0 | 48.8a |
| Vaginal poucha | 0% | 0 | 0 | 26.7a |
| Bladder stonesa | 0% | 0 | 0 | 11.1a |
| Ventral prostate malformed (unilateral or complete agenesis)a | 2.8% | 3.0 | 6.9 | 28.9a |
| Seminal vesicle malformeda | 0% | 0 | 10.3 | 31.1a |
| Coagulating gland malformed | 0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Testicular malformations (fluid-filled and flaccid) | 0% | 0 | 24.1 | 28.9 |
| Epididymal malformations | 0% | 0 | 24.1 | 28.9 |
| Percent of males with any malformationa (except permanent nipples) | 0% | 7.5% | 29.3 | 55.6a |
a
Shaded indicates the percent change in the mixture group exceeds the prediction from the response addition model. n = 10 litters per dose group.