Table 3.
Lifetime prevalence of axis I and axis II disorders in individuals with GAD-NSUD and GAD-SUD
| Psychiatric Comorbidity | GAD-NSUD1 N=918 | GAD-SUD N=839 | OR (95%CI) | AOR4 (95%CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S.E. | % | S.E. | |||
| Any Psychiatric Disorder2 | 89.99 | 1.14 | 94.29 | 1.14 | 1.84 (1.13–3.00) | 1.64 (1.04–2.58) |
| Any Axis I Disorder | 85.58 | 1.26 | 92.94 | 1.20 | 2.22 (1.44–3.41) | 2.10 (1.39–3.18) |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | 0.00 | 0.00 | 92.68 | 1.19 | ||
| Alcohol Abuse | 0.00 | 0.00 | 38.55 | 1.99 | ||
| Alcohol Dependence | 0.00 | 0.00 | 54.13 | 1.91 | ||
| Drug Use Disorder | 0.00 | 0.00 | 46.59 | 2.30 | ||
| Drug Abuse | 0.00 | 0.00 | 24.15 | 1.81 | ||
| Drug Dependence | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.44 | 2.09 | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 18.71 | 1.52 | 54.04 | 2.42 | 5.11 (3.86–6.75) | 4.83 (3.68–6.36) |
| Mood Disorder | 70.63 | 1.74 | 74.47 | 2.02 | 1.21 (0.92–1.59) | 1.24 (0.93–1.65) |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 52.77 | 1.98 | 42.85 | 2.10 | 0.67 (0.53–0.85) | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) |
| Bipolar I | 11.91 | 1.21 | 23.19 | 1.88 | 2.23 (1.65–3.03) | 2.11 (1.51–2.96) |
| Bipolar II | 3.36 | 0.76 | 6.77 | 1.11 | 2.09 (1.19–3.65) | 2.19 (1.27–3.77) |
| Dysthymia | 19.59 | 1.70 | 18.55 | 1.58 | 0.93 (0.69–1.26) | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) |
| Any Anxiety Disorder3 | 53.87 | 2.02 | 61.44 | 2.12 | 1.36 (1.08–1.72) | 1.34 (1.04–1.72) |
| Panic Disorder | 23.45 | 1.70 | 34.61 | 1.94 | 1.73 (1.34–2.23) | 1.80 (1.35–2.40) |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | 25.19 | 1.83 | 30.83 | 1.96 | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 1.17 (0.87–1.57) |
| Specific Phobia | 33.63 | 2.11 | 38.02 | 1.92 | 1.21 (0.94–1.55) | 1.25 (0.95–1.64) |
| Conduct Disorder | 1.46 | 0.57 | 1.69 | 0.46 | 1.16 (0.44–3.07) | 0.87 (0.33–2.31) |
| Pathological Gambling | 0.40 | 0.20 | 1.91 | 0.56 | 4.84 (1.51–15.51) | 5.42 (1.49–19.63) |
| Psychotic Disorder | 1.33 | 0.33 | 1.91 | 0.54 | 1.44 (0.68–3.05) | 1.06 (0.46–2.45) |
| Any Personality Disorder | 47.15 | 1.97 | 57.54 | 2.26 | 1.52 (1.21–1.90) | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) |
| Avoidant | 15.09 | 1.58 | 19.12 | 1.92 | 1.33 (0.94–1.88) | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) |
| Dependent | 3.48 | 0.72 | 5.58 | 1.24 | 1.64 (0.90–2.98) | 1.82 (0.96–3.44) |
| Obsessive-Compulsive | 27.66 | 1.95 | 30.75 | 2.06 | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) | 0.94 (0.70–1.25) |
| Paranoid | 21.45 | 1.74 | 27.85 | 1.89 | 1.41 (1.06–1.89) | 1.38 (0.98–1.95) |
| Schizoid | 14.09 | 1.40 | 17.42 | 1.71 | 1.29 (0.92–1.79) | 1.26 (0.88–1.79) |
| Histrionic | 6.55 | 0.96 | 10.36 | 1.47 | 1.65 (1.09–2.48) | 1.47 (0.93–2.30) |
| Antisocial | 3.07 | 0.74 | 19.36 | 1.62 | 7.58 (4.45–12.91) | 5.62 (3.25–9.72) |
1
Reference group
2
Any psychiatric Disorder doesn’t include AUD, DUD, and GAD
3
Any Anxiety disorder doesn’t include GAD.
4
AOR is adjusted for sex, race, US born, Age, individual in come, family income, and region.