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Insomnia pharmacotherapy drugs and main features
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Approved dose, mg | Half-life, hours | Initiates sleep | Maintains sleep | Sleep with limited opportunity | Required inactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eszopiclone | BzRA | 1, 2, 3 | 6 | Yes | Yes | 8+ hours | |
| Zaleplon | BzRA | 5, 10, 20 | 1 | Yes | Yes | 4 hours | |
| Zolpidem | BzRA | 5, 10 | 1.4–4.5 | Yes | 7–8 hours | ||
| Zolpidem controlled-release | BzRA | 6.5, 12.5 | 2.8–2.9 | Yes | Yes | 7–8 hours | |
| Ramelteon | Melatonin receptor agonist | 8 | 2–5 | Yes | Not applicable |
BzRA—benzodiazepine receptor agonist.
