TABLE 3.

Analysis of Trust and Public Health Expenditures as Mediators Between Income Inequality and Population Health: 33 Countries, 2005–2008

	Mediating Variable: Trust		Mediating Variable: Public Health Expenditures
Path	B (SE)	t	B (SE)	t
Healthy life expectancy
a	−0.48 (0.15)	3.22**	−0.25 (0.09)	2.73*
b	0.38 (0.13)	2.98**	0.46 (0.23)	1.96
c	−0.56 (0.11)	6.05**	−0.56 (0.11)	6.05**
c’	−0.51 (0.11)	4.72**	−0.56 (0.11)	5.29**
Sobel Zab	–2.71**		–1.62
Adult mortality
a	−0.48 (0.15)	3.22**	−0.25 (0.09)	2.73*
b	−0.41 (0.14)	2.91**	−0.19 (0.27)	–0.70
c	0.46 (0.13)	3.57**	0.46 (0.13)	3.57**
c’	0.35 (0.15)	2.39*	0.51 (0.14)	3.56**
Sobel Zab	2.20**		0.68

Note. Path a runs between income inequality and the mediator (X→M). Path b runs between the mediator and the dependent variable (M→Y). Path c is the unmediated path between income inequality and the dependent variable (X→Y). Path c’ is the mediated path between income inequality and the dependent variable (X→M→Y). All models were adjusted for country differences in per capita income. The 33 countries that provided the sample population are Australia, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

*P < .05; **P < .01.