TABLE 2.

Application of RE-AIM to the 2 Example Built Environment Strategies

RE-AIM Dimension	Planning Stage	Farmers' Market	Complete Streets
Reach	Identify target population whose health or health behavior could benefit.
Numerator		Postimplementation observation of no. of shoppers at various times and days and assessment of their demographics (age, gender, race).	Postimplementation observation of no. of visitors per day arriving at the retail district at various times and assessment of their demographics (age, gender, race).
Denominator		All residents residing within 1 mi of the market.	All residents within 3 mi of the surrounding retail district.
Effectiveness	Identify desired health or behavioral outcomes and estimate probability that target population will engage in those behaviors if the environmental change is made (with consideration of cultural norms, convenience, and alternatives).	Average number and percentage of market customers per day who purchase fruits and vegetables, changes over time with regard to volume of fruit and vegetable sales (as a proxy for direct measurement of consumer eating behaviors), increased perceived access to fruits and vegetables among patrons of the market (market survey), and data collected via intercept surveys of residents living within 1 mi of the market.	Average number of visitors per day who walk, bike, or take public transportation to commute to the retail district; increases in observed foot and bike traffic; increase in public transportation volume to the revitalized retail district; decreases in observed motor vehicle traffic to destinations within the revitalized district; and decreased accidents involving pedestrians or bicyclists and cars.
Adoption (inclusion/approval)	Identify and include key stakeholders to ensure that the project is designed to fit the target population and that all the organizations needed to approve the project (city council, neighborhood association), implement the change (public works), and maintain the space (parks and recreation, police) are involved.
Numerator		Planning stage—residents/target population are included to allow an understanding of preferences and to address potential barriers.	Planning stage—agencies, organizations, and residents/target population are involved in planning the project.
		Approval stage—agencies and organizations approve use of the space for a farmers' market. Implementation stage—vendors accept invitation to sell their produce at the market.	Approval stage—agencies and organizations necessary for approving the project see it through.
			Implementation stage—extent to which project is approved as planned and resources are approved to support implementation of the change.
Denominator		Planning stage—comprehensive list of agencies and organizations are invited to participate in establishing the farmers' market.	Planning stage—comprehensive list of agencies and organizations are invited to participate in the design of the revitalization project.
		Approval stage—the goal is to ensure that the correct agencies and stakeholders are involved.	Approval stage—the goal is to ensure that the correct agencies and stakeholders are involved.
Implementation	Identify standards and guidelines, including universal design and smart growth principles; perform health impact assessment to minimize unintended adverse consequences; anticipate barriers and delays that might affect costs and timelines; and provide a forum for airing community concerns and unanticipated backlash.	Postimplementation—the extent to which setting for farmers' market addresses transportation, pricing, and other barriers to food access for target population; the variety of fruits and vegetables and local foods are consistently available; linguistic and culturally competent customer service in place; and that food is handled safely.	Planning stage—setting for project addresses transportation, type of retail, pricing, and other barriers for both target population and retailers.
			Implementation stage—necessary supports and resources are consistently provided (e.g., clean-up, police patrols, lighting).
Maintenance	Identify and include in planning all agencies or groups that may be in a position to monitor usage of the space and its maintenance over time.
Individual		Postimplementation—customers continue to purchase or increase demand for fruits and vegetables.	Postimplementation—customers continue to visit central retail district via foot, bike, or public transport.
Setting		Postimplementation—farmers' market vendors continue to offer fresh fruits and vegetables and increase or maintain profits.	Postimplementation—retail establishments continue to thrive and attract local customers, and annual budget and staff resources continue to be allocated to maintaining the environmental change.