Table 4.
Relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) of breast cancer and ovarian cancer subtypes by quintile of calorie-adjusted acrylamide intake
| Quintile of cum. avg. acrylamide intake, mcg/day |
p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (high) | for trend | |
| BREAST CANCER | ||||||
| ER+/PR+, N cases | 520 | 594 | 606 | 580 | 505 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 0.99 (0.87–1.11) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.99 |
| ER+/PR-, N cases | 136 | 161 | 173 | 148 | 119 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.87–1.38) | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | 0.88 |
| ER-/PR+, N cases | 28 | 23 | 20 | 35 | 32 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.45–1.37) | 0.66 (0.37–1.20) | 1.18 (0.70–1.98) | 1.09 (0.63–1.87) | 0.35 |
| ER-/PR-, N cases | 178 | 159 | 175 | 174 | 153 | |
| Multivariable RR† | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 0.94 (0.76–1.17) | 0.95 (0.77–1.19) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.52 |
| OVARIAN CANCER | ||||||
| Invasive, N cases | 72 | 66 | 88 | 71 | 66 | |
| Multivariable RR‡ | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.69–1.38) | 1.45 (1.03–2.03) | 1.28 (0.89–1.83) | 1.31 (0.89–1.92) | 0.09 |
| Borderline, N cases | 14 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 12 | |
| Multivariable RR‡ | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.31–1.77) | 0.57 (0.22–1.51) | 0.74 (0.29–1.87) | 0.99 (0.40–2.46) | 0.92 |
| Serous, N cases | 40 | 46 | 54 | 52 | 53 | |
| Multivariable RR‡ | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.71–1.73) | 1.43 (0.92–2.22) | 1.39 (0.88–2.20) | 1.58 (0.99–2.52) | 0.04 |
| Serous Invasive, N cases | 33 | 39 | 48 | 44 | 43 | |
| Multivariable RR‡ | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.70–1.86) | 1.59 (0.99–2.57) | 1.52 (0.92–2.51) | 1.67 (0.99–2.81) | 0.04 |
Breast cancer models adjusted for: age in months, calendar year, smoking (never, past <25 cig/d, past 25+ cig/d, current <25 cig/d, current 25+ cig/d), BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <20, 20 to <22.5, 22.5 to <25, 25 to <30, 30+), height (quartiles), parity and age at first birth (nulliparous, parity 1–2 and age first birth <25, parity 1–2 age first birth 25-<30, parity 1–2 age first birth 30+, parity 3–4 age first birth <25, parity 3–4 age first birth 25-<30, parity 3–4 age first birth 30+, parity 5+ age first birth <25, parity 5+ age first birth 25+) family history of breast cancer (yes/no), benign breast disease (yes/no), age at menarche (<13, 13, 14+), physical activity (<=18 met-h/wk, >18 met-h/wk), folate, glycemic index, and animal fat intake (quintiles), alcohol (continuous, g/day), energy intake (continuous, kcal/d). Postmenopausal model adjusted for joint age at menopause and PMH use variable (age at menopause <45, 45–52, or >52 AND PMH use never, former, current <5 years, or current 5+ years).
Ovarian cancer models adjusted for: age in months, calendar year, smoking (see categories for breast cancer), BMI (see categories for breast cancer), parity (nulliparous, 1–2, 3–4, 5+), oral contraceptive use (never, 0–3 years of use, >3-<5 years, 5+ years of use), menopausal status and PMH use (premenopausal, uncertain status, postmenopausal and never used PMH, postmenopausal and former PMH, postmenopausal and current PMH use), tubal ligation (yes/no), physical activity (<=18 met-h/wk, >18 met-h/wk), caffeine intake (quintiles), energy intake (continuous, kcal/d).