Table 1.

Effect of ifosfamide (IFO), propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC), D-carnitine-mildronate (DC-MD) and their combination on serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in rats

Treatment groups	Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	BUN (mg/dl)
Control	0.57 ± 0.04	52 ± 1.43
DC-MD	0.57 ± 0.04	60 ± 2.34
PLC	0.54 ± 0.04	46 ± 3.18
IFO	1.9 ± 0.22*	133 ± 8.92*
IFO plus DC-MD	2.9 ± 0.24*$	277 ± 16.5*$
IFO plus PLC	0.94 ± 0.15#	57 ± 1.43#

Rats were randomly divided into six different groups of 10 animals each: Control, D-carnitine-mildronate (DC-MD, carnitine-depleted group), pLC (carnitine supplemented group), IFO, DC-MD plus IFO and PLC plus IFO. Carnitine depletion was induced in rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of DC (250 mg/kg/day) combined with MD (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days. Carnitine supplementation was induced in rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of PLC (250 mg/kg/day) for 10 successive days. Fanconi syndrome was induced in rats by administration of IFO (50 mg/kg/day, I.P.) for 5 successive days. IFO-carnitine depleted rats were given the same doses of DC-MD for 5 days before and 5 days concomitant with IFO. IFO-carnitine supplemented rats were given the same doses of PLC for 5 days before and 5 days concomitant with IFO. At the end of the treatment protocol, serum creatinine and BUN, indices of nephrotoxicity, were measured in serum. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. (n = 10). ^*, ^# and ^$ indicate significant change from control, IFO and DC-MD respectively, at p < 0.05 using ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer as a post ANOVA test.