Table 1.
Risk factors for the development of CUA/calciphylaxis
| 1 | Female gender* (5,6,13,17,18,64) |
| 2. | Diabetes mellitus* (5,6,14,17,18,29,64) |
| 3. | Hyperphosphatemia and concomitant calcium times phosphorus product* (5,6,13,18,51,64) |
| 4. | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)—End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (5,6,13,14,17,18,64) |
| 5. | Hemo and peritoneal dialysis duration(6,13,14,17) |
| 6. | Secondary hyperparathyroidism—Increased parathyroid hormone(5,6,13,14,17,18,51,64) |
| 7. | Caucasian ethnicity(5,6,14,17) |
| 8. | Obesity(5,6,13,14,18,51,64) |
| 9. | Hypoalbuminemia (malnutrition and weight loss)(5,6,13,18,51,64) |
| 10. | Protein C and/or S deficiency(5,64) |
| 11. | Elevated alkaline phosphatase(13,18,64) |
| 12. | Warfarin anticoagulation—inhibits vitamin K interfering with matrix GLA protein(5,18,64) |
| 13. | Use of calcium phosphate binders(5,18,64) |
Asterisks indicate strongest factors identified in multivariate analysis.13