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. 2010 Feb 9;16(5):1749–1759. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0650

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Copyright 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

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FIG. 4. — BMP-2 printed on DermaMatrix stimulates osteogenic cell differentiation in C2C12 cells. All DermaMatrix pieces had right and left semicircular halves printed independently as labeled. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining (blue) shows increased ALP expression with increased doses of BMP-2 (A–C). Comparison of different protein combinations showed that noggin was more capable of inhibiting undesired ALP staining (on the left side of the implants) compared with unprinted or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-printed DermaMatrix (D–F). Control stimulatory growth factor (GDF-5) showed increased ALP activity on the left side of the DermaMatrix (side not printed with BMP-2) (G). C2C12 cells seeded randomly onto DermaMatrix show an ALP staining dose response to printed BMP-2 (H). Higher concentrations of BMP-2 are achieved by increasing the number of bio-ink overprints (OPs). Images are representative of at least three separate experiments. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/ten.