FIGURE 1.
Differential activation of macrophages by extracellular and cytosolic B. subtilis. PM from C57BL/6 mice (3 × 105/200 μl) were stimulated with 1, 3, and 6 μg/ml LPS or purified flagellin from B. subtilis in its free form (FLA-BS) or inserted into DOTAP, a cationic lipid vesicules that permits its delivery to cell cytosol (FLA-BSDot). The release of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (C), and macrophage lysis (B) were determined in culture supernatants at 24 h by ELISA and at 6 h by LHD release, respectively. Numbers represent the mean ± S.D. of triplicate samples. Data are representative of three independent experiments.