Effects of HGN stimulation on colorectal motility (a). HGN efferent stimulation evoked apparent relaxation in the rectum, distal colon as well as mid colon, which could be abolished by propranolol administration. MI changes in response to HGN stimulation (b). ANOVA for repeated measures (p<0.01, F=4.495, r2=0.2725) followed by posthoc Bonferroni test compared to pre-stimulation (n=6, *P<0.05). PC: proximal colon, MC: mid colon, DC: distal colon, R: rectum.