Appendix C.

Example Items from Final Stimulus Set

	Base	Aud	Vis	Sentence Pair		Pos	RT	Int	Fam	Nat	Img	Fig	L1	L2	L3	F1	F2	Con
PA	sigh	3.95	2.65	Metaphor	The letter was a lonely sigh.	0.00	1372	1.00	4.10	4.70	3.40	5.90	29	6	3	60	43	403
				Literal	Her only comment was a sigh.	0.06	1233	n/a	6.50	6.61	5.17	1.80	28	6	3	600	367	319
PM	stumble	1.80	3.47	Metaphor	The first date was a stumble.	0.00	1179	1.00	4.25	4.80	4.35	5.10	29	6	3	488	328	419
				Literal	The skater's shame was a stumble.	0.00	1547	n/a	4.15	4.20	5.40	2.85	33	6	3	7	15	423
NA	bark	4.80	3.00	Metaphor	The unpaid bills barked at the father.	0.05	1659	1.00	2.28	2.18	2.06	6.56	38	7	4	60	144	498
				Literal	The mean bulldog barked at the burglar.	0.15	1367	n/a	6.26	6.70	6.45	1.00	39	7	4	50	314	515
NM	hop	1.65	3.85	Metaphor	The insults hopped on her tongue.	0.00	1233	1.00	2.37	2.10	2.50	6.50	33	6	3	15	12	500
				Literal	The rabbits hopped in the yard.	0.45	1545	n/a	6.00	6.60	6.85	1.05	31	6	3	15	11	561

Key: PA = Predicate-Auditory; PM = Predicate-Motion; NA = Nominal-Auditory; NM = Nominal-Motion; Aud = Base Auditory Imagery; Vis = Base Visual Imagery; Pos = % positive valence; RT = Valence judgment reaction time; Int = Interpretability; Fam = Familiarity; Nat = Naturalness; Img = Imageability; Fig = Figurativeness; L1 = Length in characters; L2 = Length in words; L3 = Length in content words; F1 = Kucera-Francis frequency; F2 = Brysbaert & New frequency; Con = concreteness