TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics, race, family history of diabetes, and GDM status by incident diabetes
| Variable | Incident diabetes cases | Noncases | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 193 | 2,215 | — |
| Black race | 142 (74) | 1,084 (49) | <0.001 |
| Baseline | |||
| Parity (nulliparous) | 105 (54) | 1448 (65) | 0.002 |
| Education (high school or less) | 89 (46) | 795 (36) | <0.001 |
| Oral contraceptive use (current) | 41 (21) | 573 (26) | 0.009 |
| Marital status (married) | 57 (30) | 527 (24) | 0.19 |
| Smoker (current) | 65 (34) | 619 (28) | 0.23 |
| Age (years) | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 24.9 ± 3.7 | 0.10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 7.4 | 24 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| Waist girth (cm) | 85.2 ± 16.4 | 73 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 83.7 ± 9.7 | 79.6 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Percent kcal as carbohydrate | 48.5 ± 7.9 | 46.9 ± 7.4 | 0.007 |
| Percent kcal as fat | 37 ± 6.3 | 37.4 ± 6.2 | 0.42 |
| Alcohol intake (ml/day)* | 0.0 (7.3) | 2.4 ± 9.6 | 0.01 |
| Physical activity score* | 223.0 (280.0) | 292.0 ± 322.0 | <0.001 |
| During follow-up | |||
| Family history of diabetes | 114 (59) | 604 (27) | <0.001 |
| GDM status (ever) including baseline | 43 (22) | 130 (6) | <0.001 |
| GDM status for interim births only | 32 (17) | 117 (5) | <0.001 |
Data are n (%) or means ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
*
Median (interquartile range), Kruskal-Wallis test.