Table 1.
Selected characteristics of MESA participants (2000–2002) by quartile of neighborhood deprivation score (N=5370).
| Quartile of Neighborhood Deprivation Score | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I- Least deprived | II | III | IV- Most deprived | ||
| Mean (SD) age, years | 62.3 (9.9) | 61.4 (10.0) | 61.8 (10.3) | 62.2 (10.4) | -- |
| % Female | 48.4 | 52.1 | 54.1 | 55.3 | 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity (% distribution) | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 58.0 | 54.1 | 34.4 | 8.8 | |
| Black | 14.4 | 21.3 | 29.4 | 44.2 | |
| Hispanic | 11.9 | 15.7 | 20.7 | 39.2 | |
| Chinese | 15.8 | 9.0 | 15.6 | 7.8 | |
| Education (% distribution) | <0.001 | ||||
| Not high school graduate | 5.8 | 11.3 | 19.2 | 31.3 | |
| High school graduate | 15.7 | 17.1 | 19.3 | 31.5 | |
| Some college | 29.4 | 29.4 | 29.5 | 26.2 | |
| College graduate | 49.1 | 42.3 | 32.1 | 21.0 | |
| Income (% distribution) | <0.001 | ||||
| <16000 | 8.8 | 12.1 | 20.1 | 30.2 | |
| 16000–29999 | 10.5 | 16.4 | 22.8 | 24.2 | |
| 30000–49999 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 25.2 | 23.3 | |
| 50000–74999 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 15.1 | 12.7 | |
| 75000+ | 37.9 | 28.8 | 16.8 | 9.6 | |
| % Current medication use | 59.6 | 58.2 | 51.4 | 47.2 | <0.001 |
| % Recent infection | 19.9 | 22.3 | 23.1 | 30.4 | <0.001 |
| % Physically inactivea | 26.8 | 30.6 | 36.3 | 37.3 | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) dietary pattern scoreb | |||||
| Fats & processed meats | 0.03 (0.95) | 0.09 (1.0) | 0.01 (1.04) | −0.14 (0.93) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables & fish | 0.09 (1.12) | −0.08 (0.94) | 0.02 (0.95) | −0.02 (0.92) | 0.0001 |
| Beans, tomatoes, & refined grains | −0.19 (0.69) | −0.05 (0.93) | 0.06 (1.06) | 0.16 (1.16) | <0.001 |
| Whole grains & fruits | 0.09 (0.93) | 0.09 (0.99) | −0.04 (1.04) | −0.09 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| % Current smoker | 7.9 | 13.3 | 12.9 | 16.4 | <0.001 |
| % Current alcohol drinker | 63.5 | 60.8 | 52.4 | 48.0 | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 (5.0) | 28.2 (5.3) | 28.3 (5.5) | 29.1 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) waist circumference, cm | 96.3 (13.9) | 98.4 (14.3) | 97.8 (14.4) | 99.3 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| % Diabetesc | 8.7 | 10.4 | 12.7 | 15.7 | <0.001 |
| % Impaired glucose toleranced | 11.5 | 11.1 | 12.4 | 14.2 | 0.01 |
| Mean (SD) neighborhood scorese | |||||
| Safety | 4.1 (0.4) IQR: 3.9–4.3 |
3.8 (0.3) IQR: 3.4–4.0 |
3.5 (0.3) IQR: 3.3–3.7 |
3.2 (0.2) IQR: 3.0–3.5 |
<0.001 |
| Cohesion | 3.6 (0.2) IQR: 3.5–3.8 |
3.6 (0.2) IQR: 3.4–3.7 |
3.5 (0.2) IQR: 3.3–3.8 |
3.3 (0.2) IQR: 3.1–3.6 |
<0.001 |
| Problems | 1.3 (0.2) IQR: 1.2–1.4 |
1.4 (0.2) IQR: 1.3–1.6 |
1.5 (0.2) IQR: 1.4–1.6 |
1.7 (0.2) IQR: 1.5–1.9 |
<0.001 |
| Median (IQR) fibrinogen, mg/dL | 326 (285–373) | 333 (292–382) | 339 (298–389) | 351 (307–407) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) IL-6, pg/mL | 1.05 (0.70–1.74) | 1.17 (0.76–1.78) | 1.23 (0.78–1.92) | 1.28 (0.84–1.95) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) CRP, mg/L | 1.64 (0.71–3.94) | 1.87 (0.84–4.16) | 1.86 (0.86–4.08) | 2.15 (0.93–4.75) | <0.001 |
| N (%) | 1350 (25.1) | 1569 (29.2) | 1186 (22.1) | 1265 (23.6) | |
P values by chi-squared test for trend (log-transformed for IL-6 and CRP) and ANOVA for dietary pattern scores, BMI, waist circumference and neighborhood scores
a
Physical inactivity: lowest tertile of MET-minutes per week of intentional activity
b
Dietary pattern score ranges: fats −1.49–9.89, vegetables −1.42–12.30, beans −1.31–11.72, whole grains −1.83–7.74
c
Diabetes: currently under treatment for diabetes or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL
d
Impaired glucose tolerance: fasting plasma glucose 100–125 mg/dL
e
Neighborhood score ranges: safety 1.3–5.0, cohesion 2.4–4.6, problems 1.0–2.6