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Effective strategies for inducing vascularization in engineered tissues include delivery of:
A. Growth factors such as VEGF and bFGF as recombinant proteins or gene vectors. EPC-mobilizing cytokines such as G-CSF
B. Progenitor cells such as EPC and MSC
C. Biomaterials such as bioactive PEG hydrogels
D. Vessel conduits or endothelium-lined channels directly fabricated into an implant.
E. Combination therapies such as growth factor binding scaffolds with cells
